Regulation (EU) No. 1169/2011 (Food Information to Consumers Regulation, FIC) defines 14 main allergens that are subject to mandatory labelling. Since December 2014, these allergens must be clearly highlighted in the list of ingredients. The labelling requirement also applies to non-prepacked ("loose") foods. Cross-contamination with allergenic substances is not explicitly regulated by the FIC; however, it should be taken into account in the scope of internal control systems, risk assessment, and product liability considerations.
After consuming certain foods, allergic reactions can not only significantly impair quality of life but, in the worst case, may even be life-threatening. In addition to classic food allergies, non-immunologically mediated intolerances such as lactose intolerance or coeliac disease (gluten intolerance) are also among the relevant risk factors. For affected individuals, the consistent avoidance of triggering allergens is essential. Therefore, transparent and accurate labelling of ingredients, additives, and potential contaminants is a prerequisite.
